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Report

Teaser, summary, work performed and final results

Periodic Reporting for period 1 - LIVERHOPE (SIMVASTATIN AND RIFAXIMIN AS NEW THERAPY FOR PATIENTS WITH DECOMPENSATED CIRRHOSIS)

Teaser

Summary

What is the problem/issue being addressed?
The problem addressed by the LIVERHOPE project is that of chronic liver diseases, in particular, liver cirrhosis. Chronic liver diseases are diseases caused by inflammation of the liver that after a long period, more than 10 years in average, may lead to liver cirrhosis. Liver cirrhosis is a disease that is irreversible and usually progressive that causes the impairment of major functions of the liver responsible for development of many complications that usually lead to death unless liver transplantation is performed. Liver cirrhosis can also lead to development of liver cancer. There are many factors that may cause inflammation of the liver leading to liver cirrhosis, particularly excessive alcohol consumption, metabolic conditions, particularly obesity and diabetes mellitus, and chronic infections by hepatitis viruses, mainly hepatitis B and C, among others.
Why is important for the society?
Chronic liver diseases are very common worldwide and their frequency is increasing in many areas of the world. Although the frequency of hepatitis B or C infection is decreasing in many countries due to effective preventive measures, including vaccination for hepatitis C, and existence of effective drugs, the frequency of other causes of chronic liver diseases, particularly those related to alcohol consumption or metabolic factors (obesity, diabetes) is increasing in many areas of the world. Therefore, it is not surprising that the frequency of liver cirrhosis remains very high in most countries. Moreover, it is important to consider that liver cirrhosis is a major cause of death worldwide and a major cause of impaired quality of life for patients and their relatives. Liver cirrhosis is also responsible for a high number of hospitalizations and therefore the economic burden of the disease for the society is huge. Finally, it is important to note that there is no effective drug therapy to prevent progression of cirrhosis when the disease has developed. Treatment is therefore based on symptomatic management of complications and transplantation of the liver in patients who are candidates to this procedure. It is important to remind that liver transplantation is only applicable to a small proportion of patients due to shortage of donors or contraindications to the procedure. Therefore, there is need for alternative therapies for patients with liver cirrhosis that can halt liver disease and prevent progression of cirrhosis and death.
What are the overall objectives?
The LIVERHOPE project represents an international European effort to investigate the safety and efficacy of a new therapy for patients with liver cirrhosis based on the combination of simvastatin, a drug that can reduce the inflammation associated with liver disease, and rifaximin, a drug that modulates the gut microbiome and may reduce the toxic products arising from bacteria of the intestine, that are known to contribute to cirrhosis progression.
Other objectives of the LIVERHOPE project are to identify biomarkers of treatment and disease progression that can be used in clinical practice, disseminate the results of the project so that the information reaches the patient population who can benefit from the results of the study, to increase awareness about chronic liver diseases in European countries so that preventive measures can be undertaken to decrease the burden of the disease, and to reduce the social stigmatization of patients with chronic liver diseases.

Work performed

We performed so far a very important part of the project that is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of the combination of simvastatin and rifaximin in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. The preliminary results of this safety study indicate that combination treatment of simvastatin at the dose of 20 mg/day associated with rifaximina 1200 mg/day for 3-months is safe in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. The final results of this study will be available within the next few months. These findings pave the way to perform a large efficacy trial that will start before the end of 2018 to investigate the effects of treatment with simvastatin and rifaximin in the prevention of cirrhosis progression, which is the core of the LIVERHOPE project. Besides, we have started activities of dissemination of the results and also raising awareness about chronic liver diseases in the population.

Final results

Currently, the treatment of patients with decompensated cirrhosis is based on management of individual complications that patients may develop during the course of their disease. In general, patients develop a large number of different complications that require frequent hospitalizations and a large array of interventions, including ICU stays and liver transplantation. Mortality is very high. The LiverHope project is unique in that it represents the first approach to develop a new therapy able to prevent the progression of the disease. Therefore, if the results are positive this may represent a treatment to stabilize the disease and prevent it from progressing. This will have a huge impact in the natural history of the disease by decreasing mortality and improved quality of life of patients and their families, and will reduce costs for health systems by decreasing the number of hospitalizations and need for therapeutic interventions, including liver transplantation.