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Report

Teaser, summary, work performed and final results

Periodic Reporting for period 1 - CAR (Context-Active Resilience in Cyber Physical Systems)

Teaser

Summary

This fellowship project has benefited the researcher by giving and enhancing the knowledge and skills for a future generation of CPS which enjoy the unique feature of context-active resilience. With such new capability and training, the researcher has been realising his potential and gaining his leading role at international level in CPS research community.

Context-active resilience is a novel concept of CPS resilience proposed in this action, which emphasises active and proactive response to the dynamic state of CPS and its users in real-time. The project aims to develop a novel approach to context-active resilience in CPS. The project aim has been fully met via the successful delivery of the all its measurable objectives. We have systematically analysed the very diverse contexts and the circumstances of resilience in CPS and extracted practicable patterns (CAR patterns) to support the context-active resilience in CPS applications. Meta-intelligence (MI) has been developed as a key drive for the specification of the CPS context and its associated adaptation services for resilience within the CAR patterns. A MI-driven infrastructure for the specification, selection and application of the CAR patterns has been developed. The CAR patterns have been semantically specified and populated into a MI-based pattern repository. A MI based selection mechanism has been developed to choose the appropriate CAR patterns for a specific circumstance in resilient CPS.

Due to the wide and critical roles of CPS in industry and society and the novelty of context-active resilience, the project is both timely and significant. Acting as a bridge, the project has simultaneously advanced the theoretic approach and art of practice of this emerging topic, improved the competency and career of the fellow, enhanced and complemented the hostâ€™s research profile and infrastructure, and benefited the society, living, economy and related research communities significantly.

Work performed

Technically, all the R&D results have been delivered successfully on time based on the project plan. E.g.: The dynamic context model and context capture mechanism (R2.2) initial version in Month 7 and version 2 in Month18; The proactive services (R2.4) initial version in Month 7 and version 2 in Month 18; The CAR patterns (R3.1) initial version in Month 9 and Version 2 in Month 19.

A large spectrum of activities have been done to disseminate and exploit the research results. Public engagement has been a key part. Consider the scale of the project, it has been creating quite a large awareness of CAR results to influence the interest and attitude of public and to promote the application of the context-active resilient CPS in many societal services. E.g.: General Chair of the 11th and 12th IEEE International Workshop of Quality Oriented Reuse of Software (QUORS\'17 Italy and QUORSâ€™18 Japan); Keynote speeches at the 7th International Conference on Computer Engineering and Networks (CENet), Shanghai, July 2017 and at the 6th International Conference on Geo-Spatial Knowledge and Intelligence (GSKI), Wuhan, China, Dec 2018; Demonstrations at Explorathon for public engagement of the CAR results, in Whale Arts, Edinburgh, 2017 and in Cafe Science, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, 2018; Disseminating & networking at EuroScience Open Forum, Toulouse, July 2018; Seminar & networking at Institute of CPS, Vienna University of Technology, Nov 2018.

Guided by the supervisor the fellow has published 18 papers during the project in established international journals and conferences. All of them have been made Open Access via either Gold Route or Green Route (OA Repository of Edinburgh Napier University).

The fellow has attended a number of distinctive training activities to enhance his skills and competence. E.g.: Knowledge Transfer Partnership application workshop, Feb 2017; Examining Research Degrees, March 2017; Project Management for Research, June 2017; Winning research funding, 2018.

Final results

The project has achieved all the project objectives and successfully raised the standing and skills of the fellow to the level of international leading researcher in the area of CPS.

I. Progress and the produced results beyond the state of the art

The project has created a novel concept of resilience, namely Context-Active Resilience to correct the weakness of the existing resilience approaches in CPS. Context-activeness has been developed as one effective approach to achieve better resilience in dynamic environments such as CPS.

The project successfully set up the concept of Meta-intelligence (MI) as an innovative advance to traditional meta-data. In CAR, MI has been developed as a key drive for the specification of the CPS context and its associated adaptation services for resilience.

The project has set up a new concept of computing pattern, namely Context-Active Resilience Pattern, to capture and categorise the knowledge and solutions for CPS resilience.

II. Skill Training, Knowledge Transfer, Professional Competencies and Career Development

The completion of the CAR project has met the aims of the development and enhancement of the fellow\'s capacity, skills and professional maturity as an international leading researcher in CPS area.

The fellow has gained the skills and professional competencies in leading research and academic careers at international excellence level. He has completed: 10 training sessions by the host; 4 public engagement events worldwide; PC chair for 1 international conference (CENet 2018) and 1 international workshop in SmartWorld 2019, PC member and session chair for 5 other international conferences; 2 invited speeches; presented at 6 scientific and innovative forums worldwide; 9 visits for dissemination and partnership building worldwide.

For the long-term career development, he has gained a full professorship in an established university in China. He has been building a collection of esteems around himself and his group at the international leading level in CPS area, e.g., chair of international conferences, editorship of international journals, awards and public recognition such as IEEE senior membership (awarded in 2018), and HEA Fellowship (awarded in 2018).

III. Contribution to European Excellence and Competitiveness

CAR has been producing an impact on science, technology, society and the innovation agenda. It has been given the fellow and the host unique strength to impact on and contribute to European excellence and competitiveness via their activities. The new CAR approach is a key enabling technology that underpins innovation and competitiveness across a wide range of market sectors such as societal services, power and manufacture. It is not only an engine for growth in the economy, but also contributes to solving many societal challenges such as elder care, emergency services and smart power.

The CAR approach is expected to be widely accepted and contribute to the global standards and EU IPRs via their effective dissemination and exploitation activities.

The project has been impacting on career and knowledge development in the economic, personal, societal and organisational spheres. It serves as a catalyst that fosters the position of European resilient CPS services developers, vendors and providers.

At the societal and living respects, the fellow and host engage CAR outcomes to create a better Europe/World, which has more socially aware, resilient and reliable services.