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Report

Teaser, summary, work performed and final results

Periodic Reporting for period 1 - EUNADICS-AV (European Natural Airborne Disaster Information and Coordination System for Aviation)

Teaser

Summary

Aviation is a critical infrastructure of the 21st century. Even short interruptions cause economic damage summing up to the Billion-Euro range. As evident from the past, aviation shows certain vulnerability with regard to natural hazards. Safe flight operations, air traffic management and air traffic control is a shared responsibility of EUROCONTROL, national authorities, airlines and pilots. All stakeholders have one common goal, namely to warrant and maintain the safety of passengers and crew to enable an efficient air traffic. Currently, however, there is a significant gap in the Europe-wide availability of real time hazard monitoring information for airborne hazards describing â€œwhat, where, how muchâ€ in 3 dimensions, combined with a near real-time European data analysis and assimilation system. In practice, this gap creates clearly undesirable circumstances where various stakeholders in the system may base their decisions on different data and information.

The main objective of EUNADICS-AV (European Natural Airborne Disaster Information and Coordination System for Aviation) is to close this gap in data and information availability, enabling all stakeholders in the aviation system to obtain fast, coherent and consistent information. This would facilitate the work of all stakeholders in the system, on the one hand the European Aviation Crisis Coordination Cell (EACCC), the Air Traffic Management (ATM) and Air Traffic Control (ATC) functions, and on the other hand airline flight dispatching and individual flight planning. This new mechanism will take into account and create input to existing national and international systems, including the Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (VAACs) delivering products for aviation in case of a volcanic eruption, and the WMO designated Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers.
For the sake of efficiency, all project work is based on existing infrastructures, assignments and assets in Europe, including the ICAO/WMO VAAC and WMO RSMC systems, and will not duplicate existing efforts.

Work performed

EUNADICS-AV is structured in eight work packages (WPs). At the end of March 2018 the following work has been conducted and main results achieved:
To provide useful and demand driven project results, WP2 investigated and evaluated the problems, needs and requirement of various stakeholders involved in crises and air traffic management related to volcanic ash dispersion, nuclear emissions, forest fires and sand storms. Based on this inventory EUNADICS-AV defined specific project users (Airline operation / management centers, Military operation / management centers, Pilots, Air traffic controllers and Flow management centers) who may directly apply the project results.
As EUNADICS-AV is heavily dependent on data, WP3 focuses on the actual status quo on the European and international landscape as well as the possibilities to further develop tailored products from them. Within the first project period EUNADICS-AV collected, reviewed and summarized existing observations of interest.
Within WP4 such observations of hazardous pollutants are integrated and assimilated in dispersion models. In this way, 4D (space- and time-resolving) consistent analysis fields for concentrations of selected pollutants will be provided. The source terms and its uncertainty obtained from observations based on inverse modeling techniques will also be provided by this work package.
Especially hazard warning capabilities are requested in the (European) aviation landscape. The prototype multi-hazard monitoring and alert system of EUNADICS-AV will greatly improve the ability to detect and track in near-real time hazardous plumes owing to state-of-the art algorithms and improved instruments notably from satellites platforms. The design of a near-real-time monitoring and alerting system (see Figure 1) is covered by WP5, which satisfies the requirements identified from end-users.
While several observation networks and satellites provide a large amount of data that are relevant for the monitoring of such events, their integration into numerical models for the provision of services relevant to aviation is not always achieved or in place. WP6 aims at developing and demonstrating the added-value of integrating aerosol, gas and radionuclide observations, for the selected crises affecting the European air space.
All EUNADICS-AV hazard related developments are to be tested and evaluated in WP 7. For this purpose, a tracer experiment and an exercise will be organized to simulate relevant crisis scenarios, as realistic as possible and to evaluate the added value of the EUNADICS-AV products.
Finally, project results and show cases of the data products are disseminated and exploited via the EUNADICS-AV portal, developed in WP8. Specific target groups (aviation community as EACCC, intermediate users as VAACs or data providers) are addressed by different communication channels. The products will be provided through stakeholder specific interfaces and as INSPIRE compliant web services.

Final results

Observational data play a significant role in EUNADICS-AV. Based on the review of existing networks and data a specific tailoring will consist of improving existing algorithms and products and of combining specific products and algorithms to improve the usefulness for aviation. For example, some aerosol types can be discriminated on the basis of SO2 at emission. For discrimination of ash, desert dust aerosols, and biomass aerosols from clouds different approaches are explored, using spectral, angular, depolarization capability, regional, seasonal, and temporal differences between detected aerosols compared to clouds.
The EUNADICS-AV EWS is built upon the existing Support to Aviation Control Service (SACS). The latter system has been maintained during the first project period and improved with operational satellite data products (SO2 and Absorbing Aerosol Index) from the ozone mapping profiler suite (OMPS) instrument onboard Suomi-national polar-orbiting partnership (NPP). Ground based products have been identified for a further expansion of SACS. In particular, the ingestion of existing NRT observations available from European volcanic observatories (IMO in Iceland, and INGV, in Italy) and lidar quicklook images available from EARLINET/ACTRIS and EUMETNET E-profile networks have been considered to be implemented in the EUNADICS-AV alerting system.
In September 2018 a tracer experiment will simulate a nuclear release at the German-Austrian border. The released tracer gases will be detected by military aircrafts of DLR and the Austrian military services. All measurements and related meteorological conditions will be integrated in the 2019 EUNADICS-AV exercise, where the entire reaction chain of air traffic control and management in such emergency situation is simulated either with real actors or emulated by a simulation software.
By integrating the 4D-distribution, of e.g. volcanic ash or radioactive clouds, into the air traffic management (ATM) software allows to develop a system for cost-based trajectory modelling and optimization capabilities. The affected airspace with the new integrated observations will be simulated und analysed with regard to its impact on different aspects related to ATM (e.g. on cost, flight duration, flight delay/cancellation rate, etc.) and towards a suitable application for engine manufacturers.