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Report

Teaser, summary, work performed and final results

Periodic Reporting for period 1 - GATEMAN (GNSS NAVIGATION THREATS MANAGEMENT)

Teaser

Summary

GATEMAN addresses the problems generated by GNSS interferences (either jamming or spoofing) for the airspace users. The jamming interference may degrade or even disrupt the GNSS position on-board the aircraft with the corresponding impact in the operations (missed approach, diversion, ATCO extra work...). On the other hand spoofing interferences might mislead the navigation on-board the aircraft, provoking an integrity issue, which has more severe criticality than the consequences of jamming.
In order to mitigate the consequences of GNSS interferences, GATEMAN proposes and develops a set of mitigation barriers (MB):
- MB1. Integrated GNSS interferences air navigation threats management. The purpose of this barrier is to minimize the effect of interferences by reducing the time to deactivate it and by routing traffic to avoid volumes suffering interferences. This kind of management of GNSS interferences requires the detection and localization of any interference, which is done thanks to the installation on-board the aircraft of the suitable hardware and software. These components are designed to minimize the cost of retrofit and forward fit aircrafts because current omnidirectional GNSS antennas are used.
- MB2. Use of 5G as alternative mean of navigation in case of GNSS degradation during approaches, which is the most critical flight phase.
- MB3. Use of spoofing monitoring to mitigate the effects of spoofing at the GNSS receiver.

Work performed

So far the activities of GATEMAN have been focused on the mitigation barrier MB1 (Integrated GNSS interferences air navigation threats management). For the purpose of the integrated GNSS interference air navigation threats management these results have been achieved:
a. Definition of the Concept of Operation of such a system to detect and localize any interference using the equipment installed on the aircraft. This ConOps includes the definition of the actors involved and the ground infrastructure needed to maximize the benefits.
b. For jamming and spoofing interferences: definition, implementation and laboratory verification of the most promising algorithms to detect and localize (i.e. direction finding estimation) the source of the interference. This algorithm has important constraints imposed by the layout of the omnidirectional antennas installed on the aircraft.
Due to the different type of interferences, the algorithms needed for detecting and localizing jamming or spoofing are completely different. Nevertheless they are valid for multi-constellation and multi-frequency.
c. Definition, implementation and laboratory verification of the algorithm to estimate the position of the interference source using the azimuths measured by the localization algorithms defined before.

Final results

The state of the art before starting GATEMAN was on the detection of jamming and spoofing, and the localization of jamming using either an array of static antennas installed on ground or a set static nodes spread over an area. GATEMAN has taken a step forward to implement such localization techniques for jamming and spoofing using only 3 omnidirectional antennas installed on-board an aircraft.