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Report

Teaser, summary, work performed and final results

Periodic Reporting for period 1 - MaaS4EU (End-to-End Approach for Mobility-as-a-Service tools, business models, enabling framework and evidence for European seamless mobility)

Teaser

Summary

With the projected growth in transport demand, the current modus operandi in transport supply is deemed unsustainable and generates the need for innovative services that could support seamless mobility and a shift from car ownership to usership. An emerging trend towards this direction is the integration of on-demand modes in conjunction with public transport, leading to the Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) concept. MaaS is a user-centric, intelligent mobility distribution model, in which users\' needs are met via a single platform and are offered by a service provider, the mobility operator. Although activities in this field are ongoing, at present there are no established frameworks and quantifiable evidence about MaaS costs and benefits, usersâ€™ needs, as well as its influence on travel patterns and car ownership of various user groups. Against this background the main goal of MaaS4EU is to provide quantifiable evidence, frameworks and tools, to remove the barriers and enable a cooperative and interconnected EU single transport market for the MaaS concept, by addressing challenges at 4 levels, (1) business, (2) end-users, (3) technology and (4) policy. This will be achieved by defining sustainable business models that support the cooperation across transport stakeholders, understanding user needs and choices, implementing the required technological infrastructure and identifying the enabling policy and regulatory frameworks.

Work performed

A set of eight project objectives has been defined and the work performed from the beginning of the project until M18 are presented below.

O1: Three different organizational structures for MaaS are explored describing different frameworks through which a MaaS system can be arranged, operated and developed. The analysis focuses on the MaaS operator, taking into consideration different types of ownership models, and how these translate into different organizational structures and distribution of responsibilities. The MaaS4EU business models and the respective Osterwalderâ€™s business model canvas has been developed. In addition, the MaaS4EU products to be demonstrated in the second wave are designed.

O2: The diversity of private-public collaborations in thedemonstrations we tackle in the project, removes mobility services operatorsâ€™ silos and enables the in-depth understanding of the dynamics in different levels (operational, business, regulatory and technological). The workshops together with the interviews with the MSPs and the MaaS providers allowed for barriers to be identified, requirements to be collected and the provision of a first set of data and APIS even if these are not complete. The reference architecture of MaaS4EU is composed of 12 components split over 3 layers

O3: MaaS4EU undertook a state of the art literature review regarding among others transport behavioural models and the mobility behaviour of end users. This helped MaaS4EU to understand personal/internal and external factors affecting usersâ€™ mobility behaviour as well as assess potential travel behaviour changes given MaaS, and group them based on usersâ€™ travel needs.

O4: MaaS4EU completed the requirements gathering and the setting of needs for the first version of the platform. MaaS4EU conducted a thorough study of what is available at this point in the market and sized innovative ideas and know how brought from partners to proceed with the finalisation of the system architecture and the selection of the specific functionality to be considered for the first version of the platform.

O5: The User Information Model of MaaS4EU platform stores, mines, and extracts the required user information from data sources. Moreover,MaaS4EU also develops models and algorithms that augment MaaS services with dynamicity and personalization.

O6: MaaS4EU prepared the initial version of the MaaS Policy Framework which includes among others a preliminary review of the EU legal and regulatory frameworks.

O7: The progress includes the execution of the pilot activities, the setup and organisation plan of the Living Lab in each pilot area.

O8: Dissemination activities are undergoing and the dissemination material for engaging stakeholders in the Living Labs has been delivered.

Final results

As seen in our vision for the MaaS4EU project the MaaS operator acts as an intermediary between transport operators and users, by booking (or buying) capacity from the former and selling it to the latter. The customers can configure and buy a bundle of services (composed of different modes) and can make informed decisions about which one (or combination) to use for each of their trips by using the single interface. In addition, the MaaS operator can propose the ideal combination of transport modes to them for each trip by knowing the network conditions in real time (supply side) and the preferences of users (demand side). In other words, the MaaS operator can optimize the supply and the demand. Our research work is clustered in research directions which interact with each other, namely: business aspects, user aspects, and technology aspects.

Transport Business Models
The business models which are developed within MaaS4EU consider different building blocks, such as value proposition, customer segments and relationships etc. MaaS4EU aims to fill the research gaps by exploring different MaaS business models, where the services offered and the type of MaaS operators differs. The results of the pilots will be used to identify the most appropriate organisational structures and conclude to the MaaS operator type that generates the highest value to the MaaS actors, the economy, and society.

Travel Surveys and Travel Behavior Models
Research in travel surveys and transport modelling, focuses mainly on traditional transport modes leaving a gap regarding new mobility services and MaaS. MaaS4EU will fill this gap by advancing methodologies both in the travel data collection and travel behaviour modelling.

Data fusion and ITS interoperability
MaaS4EU aims to solve research questions related to several technological areas in order to provide seamless mobility in the urban context. The goal is to homogenize and use mobility-related data in a unified manner, by introducing a common format to facilitate the consolidation of all available data structures and semantics.

Booking, payment and settlement solutions
What we are trying to achieve within the MaaS4EU project is not limited as such by the technologies that are available. It is more the availability of data and the willingness to share them that is required to offer true MaaS.

Dynamic Travel services
Novel information services, that will allow the seamless integration of modes (on informational and physical levels) will be investigated to enable inclusion of different types of mobility services, with different functional and physical characteristics. MaaS4EU will develop:
1. a dynamic multi-service journey planner
2. a supply and demand optimizer

Personalization for Adaptive Travel Services
Our analysis of personalized product selection approaches reveals that the transportation domain and MaaS is an untapped area. Small scale MaaS initiatives commonly use one size fits all approaches and provide a limited set of packages or options. In MaaS4EU we aim to provide personalized, timely and context specific information to users in order to maximize the MaaS usage satisfaction, leading to wider adoption.