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Report

Teaser, summary, work performed and final results

Periodic Reporting for period 1 - GENESIS (High performance MOF and IPOSS enhanced membrane systems as next generation CO2 capture technologies)

Teaser

Global warming due to greenhouse gases has become a serious worldwide concern. In the EU energy consumption strongly depends on fossil fuels. With no possibility of large-scale replacement of fossil fuels with alternative ones in the near future, CCS seems to be the best...

Summary

Global warming due to greenhouse gases has become a serious worldwide concern. In the EU energy consumption strongly depends on fossil fuels. With no possibility of large-scale replacement of fossil fuels with alternative ones in the near future, CCS seems to be the best solution for mitigating CO2 emissions.
CCS is applicable to both the power sector and the industrial sectors and will therefore play a vital role in the move to a low-carbon economy. This allows an improved security of supply by reducing the need for extra fuel to produce goods and power and increased use of indigenous resources. Moreover, increased competitiveness of CCS, in particular by reducing the cost of CO2 capture and the sustainability of the final products and benefits from the export of skills and technology internationally.
GENESIS will demonstrate that 2nd generation nanotechnology enhanced membrane systems achieve at least 90% of CO2 recovery at a cost lower than 15€/MWh in pre-combustion and post-combustion applications. Achieving the European SET-Plan6 (Strategic Energy Technologies) targets of 90% CO2 recovery at a cost lower than 25€/MWh.

Work performed

The requirements, in terms of the gas characteristics, operational and engineering system requirements for demonstrators at CEMEX and ARCELOR and the characteristics and performance of the current IPOSS and MOF membrane systems were defined.
For the IPOSS development the yield and structure of POSS building block synthesis were optimized. Fabrication and optimization of IPOSS layer first on an alumina mono channel and subsequently on multichannel ceramic supports. The multi-channel IPOSS membranes were tested under operative conditions.
For the MOF membranes the synthetic procedures of the MOFs for incorporation in the polymeric membrane were optimized and the colloidal stability of MOF-Polymer-solvent coating solutions for the selective layer was improved. Fabrication of the multi-layer MOF membrane and characterization at lab-scale. Each layer of the multilayer thin film composite membrane was optimized and characterized separately. Validation of the performance of the lab-scale membrane samples under operative conditions. In specific, humidity as well as contaminants (such as CO and SO2).
Work was started regarding the scale-up of POSS and MOF nanomaterials from few grams to hundreds of grams.

preliminary work has been carried out on pilot design and simulation due to the complexity of the industrial pilot systems and the industrial conditions in which these systems are required to operate in. Especially for the more complex situation is presented at the Arcelor Mittal test facility were ATEX conditions are required.
Evaluations of the nanosafety were performed, including mapping of potential occupational exposure scenarios of the nanomaterials and toxicological literature review of the nanomaterials used. For the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), the system boundaries and the functional unit and the scenarios to analyse have been defined. Analysis of CCS deployment in Europe under various cost-base scenarios, with the aim of creating projections for CCS diffusion in Western Europe using the established TIAM-ECN model were carried out. And a first exploration was made of the state-of-the-art understanding of the public perception aspects of CCS deployment.
For exploitation, dissemination and communication of the GENESIS project creation of the project visual identity (logo, leaflets, templates, website, social media account). A private and secure platform was created to store and exchange project related archives. Partner dissemination activities are being collected and an Internal Knowledge Output Template for the preparation of the GENESIS Key Exploitable Results (KER) spreadsheet and the preliminary GENESIS Business Model Canvas. The IPR development issues, key players and market related information relevant to the project has be constantly monitored.

Final results

Upscale of POSS synthesis in Kg scale. Upscale of MOF synthesis: ZIF-8 (30nm): > 10 g/week; ZIF-8 (50nm): 60 g/week; ZIF-67 (75nm): 150 g/week; MOF-74 (<30nm): 1 kg/week.
Upscale of robust IPOSS membranes with thermal stability up to 400°C on multichannel tubular alumina ceramic support. Membrane performance: 2700 GPU at 300 °C, with H2/CO2 selectivity of 5.
Upscale multi-layer MOF membranes on PAN support. Membrane performance: 1000 -1500 GPU with CO2/N2 selectivities of 40 at 40°C.
For pre-combustion and post-combustion, the overall cost for CO2 capture varies with separation targets, process configuration and design, membrane properties, and installed membrane module price.
Regarding the economic impact T.C. Merkel et al. ,J. Mem. Sci. 359,126–139, 2010 calculated the capture cost for CO2 permeances of 1000 GPU CO2 capture cost of $32 /ton CO2. While a permeance of 2000 GPU capture cost of $21/ton CO2 were calculated. In a more recent study from Zhai, iScience 13, 440–451March 29, 2019 slightly different values were obtained. For nth-of-a-kind (NOAK) membrane technology at the membrane price of $50/m2, the breakeven CO2 permeance at which the plant LCOE of both membrane and amine technologies is the same is about 2,250 GPU, whereas the breakeven value is about 4,000 GPU when compared with the cost target of $30/ton CO2. For either of the benchmarks, the breakeven CO2 permeance varies significantly with membrane price.
The key insight for improved carbon capture technology is that achieving significant cost reductions will require not only sustained level of research and development, but also a substantial extent of commercial deployment, which, in turn, requires a significant market for CO2 capture technologies. Since such plants have not been built however, the assumptions for cost estimates are not always realistic. Therefore, the real costs remain unknown, according to field experts.
The GENESIS pilot test case and project communications ambitions are to reduce uncertainty over CCS costs and increase the public acceptance for CCS. This will also initiate governments to deal with the problem of climate change by stepping forward with sufficient funding or regulatory constraints, for facilitating the deployment of CCS as part of climate change mitigation options in the next decades.

Website & more info

More info: https://www.genesis-h2020.eu/.