FORGE
Fate of Repository Gases
| Coordinatore | NATURAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH COUNCIL
Organization address
address: Polaris House, North Star Avenue contact info |
| Nazionalità Coordinatore | United Kingdom [UK] |
| Sito del progetto | http://www.bgs.ac.uk/forge/ |
| Totale costo | 11˙626˙902 € |
| EC contributo | 5˙988˙647 € |
| Programma | FP7-EURATOM-FISSION
EURATOM: Nuclear fission and radiation protection |
| Code Call | FP7-Fission-2008 |
| Funding Scheme | CP-IP |
| Anno di inizio | 2009 |
| Periodo (anno-mese-giorno) | 2009-02-01 - 2013-09-30 |
Partecipanti
| # | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH COUNCIL
Organization address
address: Polaris House, North Star Avenue contact info |
UK (SWINDON WILTSHIRE) | coordinator | 1˙455˙120.00 |
| 2 |
STUDIECENTRUM VOOR KERNENERGIE
Organization address
address: Herrmann Debrouxlaan 40 contact info |
BE (Brussel) | participant | 848˙000.00 |
| 3 |
NATIONALE GENOSSENSCHAFT FUER DIE LAGERUNG RADIOAKTIVER ABFAELLE
Organization address
address: Hardstrasse 73 contact info |
CH (WETTINGEN) | participant | 470˙000.00 |
| 4 |
SVENSK KARNBRANSLEHANTERING AB
Organization address
address: BLEKHOLMSTORGET 30 contact info |
SE (STOCKHOLM) | participant | 374˙750.00 |
| 5 |
CENTRE INTERNACIONAL DE METODES NUMERICS EN ENGINYERIA
Organization address
address: C GRAN CAPITAN, EDIFICI C1, CAMPUS NORD UPC SN contact info |
ES (BARCELONA) | participant | 333˙000.00 |
| 6 |
AGENCE NATIONALE POUR LA GESTION DES DECHETS RADIOACTIFS
Organization address
address: 1-7 rue Jean Monnet - Parc de la Croix Blanche contact info |
FR (CHATENAY MALABRY) | participant | 297˙201.00 |
| 7 |
CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIONES ENERGETICAS, MEDIOAMBIENTALES Y TECNOLOGICAS-CIEMAT
Organization address
address: Avenida Complutense 22 contact info |
ES (MADRID) | participant | 273˙000.00 |
| 8 |
INSTITUT DE RADIOPROTECTION ET DE SURETE NUCLEAIRE
Organization address
address: Avenue de la Division Leclerc 31 contact info |
FR (FONTENAY AUX ROSES) | participant | 228˙000.00 |
| 9 |
NUCLEAR DECOMMISSIONING AUTHORITY - NDA
Organization address
address: Westlakes Science PArk - Herdus House contact info |
UK (MOOR ROW) | participant | 210˙000.00 |
| 10 |
CESKE VYSOKE UCENI TECHNICKE V PRAZE
Organization address
address: ZIKOVA 4 contact info |
CZ (PRAHA) | participant | 199˙840.00 |
| 11 |
ELECTRICITE DE FRANCE S.A.
Organization address
address: avenue de Wagram 22-30 contact info |
FR (PARIS) | participant | 185˙000.00 |
| 12 |
ECOLE CENTRALE DE LILLE
Organization address
city: VILLENEUVE D ASCQ contact info |
FR (VILLENEUVE D ASCQ) | participant | 178˙120.00 |
| 13 |
UNIVERSITE DE LIEGE
Organization address
city: LIEGE contact info |
BE (LIEGE) | participant | 159˙800.00 |
| 14 |
GESELLSCHAFT FUER ANLAGEN- UND REAKTORSICHERHEIT (GRS) MBH
Organization address
address: Schwertnergasse 1 contact info |
DE (KOELN) | participant | 140˙000.00 |
| 15 |
USTAV JADERNEHO VYZKUMU REZ A.S.
Organization address
address: HUSINEC - REZ 130 contact info |
CZ (HUSINEC) | participant | 125˙000.00 |
| 16 |
CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE
Organization address
address: Rue Michel -Ange 3 contact info |
FR (PARIS) | participant | 100˙000.00 |
| 17 |
COMMISSARIAT A L ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES
Organization address
address: RUE LEBLANC 25 contact info |
FR (PARIS 15) | participant | 100˙000.00 |
| 18 |
Nome Ente NON disponibile
Organization address
address: Friederikenstr. 60 contact info |
DE (Leipzig) | participant | 85˙000.00 |
| 19 |
REGIA AUTONOMA TEHNOLOGII PENTRU ENERGIA NUCLEARA - RATEN
Organization address
address: STRADA CAMPULUI 1 contact info |
RO (MIOVENI) | participant | 75˙000.00 |
| 20 |
EIDGENOSSISCHES NUKLEARSICHERHEINSPEKTORAT ENSI
Organization address
address: INDUSTRIESTRASSE 19 contact info |
CH (BRUGG) | participant | 50˙560.00 |
| 21 |
POSIVA OY
Organization address
address: Olkiluoto contact info |
FI (Eurajoki) | participant | 40˙000.00 |
| 22 |
LIETUVOS ENERGETIKOS INSTITUTAS
Organization address
address: Breslaujos g. 3 contact info |
LT (KAUNAS) | participant | 30˙956.00 |
| 23 |
Federal Agency for Nuclear Control
Organization address
address: Ravensteinstraat 36 contact info |
BE (Brussel) | participant | 30˙300.00 |
| 24 |
Radioactive Waste Repository Authority
Organization address
address: Dlazdena 6 contact info |
CZ (Praha) | participant | 0.00 |
| 25 |
REGIA AUTONOMA PENTRU ACTIVITATI NUCLEARE DROBETA TR. SEVERIN RA SUCURSALA CERCETARI NUCLEARE PITESTI
Organization address
address: Cimpului 1 contact info |
RO (MIOVENI - ARGES) | participant | 0.00 |
Mappa
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Obiettivo del progetto (Objective)
'The multiple barrier concept is the cornerstone of all proposed schemes for underground disposal of radioactive wastes. The concept invokes a series of barriers, both engineered and natural, between the waste and the surface. Achieving this concept is the primary objective of all disposal programmes, from site appraisal and characterisation to repository design and construction. However, the performance of the repository as a whole (waste, buffer, engineering disturbed zone, host rock), and in particular its gas transport properties, are still poorly understood. Issues still to be adequately examined that relate to understanding basic processes include: dilational versus visco-capillary flow mechanisms; long-term integrity of seals, in particular gas flow along contacts; role of the EDZ as a conduit for preferential flow; laboratory to field up-scaling. Understanding gas generation and migration is thus vital in the quantitative assessment of repositories and is the focus of the research in this proposal for an integrated, multi-disciplinary project. The FORGE proposal is for a pan-European project with links to international radioactive waste management organisations, regulators and academia, specifically designed to tackle the key research issues associated with the generation and movement of repository gasses. Of particular importance are the long-term performance of bentonite buffers, plastic clays, indurated mudrocks and crystalline formations. Further experimental data are required to reduce uncertainty relating to the quantitative treatment of gas in performance assessment. FORGE will address these issues through a series of laboratory and field-scale experiments, including the development of new methods for up-scaling allowing the optimisation of concepts through detailed scenario analysis. The FORGE partners are committed to training and CPD through a broad portfolio of training opportunities and initiatives which form a significant part of the project.'
Descrizione progetto (Article)
Radioactive waste is produced in all phases of nuclear energy generation as well as from the use of radioactive materials in industrial, medical and research applications. The reference solution for their long-term management is disposal in engineered facilities. But burial in these structures built deep below the surface to contain the waste through both natural and engineered barriers is not the end of the story.
Over time, metal corrosion and radiolysis produce a variety of gases, including hydrogen. Some waste may also contain organic material that generates methane and carbon dioxide as it decomposes. Understanding where these gases form and how they move through the repository is important to long-term safety and is the topic of the EU-funded project 'Fate of repository gases' (http://www.bgs.ac.uk/forge/ (FORGE)).
Scientists approached this problem through a combination of laboratory experiments and large-scale field tests at underground research laboratories. As experiments can only be successfully operated for a few years at a time, they also used mathematical modelling of potential future conditions to get the complete picture. Modellers and experimentalists exchanged their data to get the best possible results.
The FORGE team examined how irradiation affects bentonite backfill materials in contact with metal under simulated repository conditions, to determine the rate of hydrogen production. The transport of gas through the engineered parts of a repository was studied in full-scale experiments. These covered bentonite-based and cement-based backfills as well as the interface between the host rock clay and backfill materials.
Lab-scale and full-scale laboratory experiments were also carried out to improve our understanding of gas flows through fractures in clay host rocks and the effect of stress on this. While there are uncertainties associated with gas generation that require research work to continue, the FORGE project has demonstrated that gas issues are not 'show stoppers'.
FORGE played a key role in enhancing European expertise in gas migration in deep geological repositories, helping to ensure that project partners are at the frontline of this fast-developing field. Data collected and numerical models developed should be of interest to the petroleum sector and those working on carbon capture and storage.