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IPPAD SIGNED

Effect of 4500bar injection pressure and super-critical phase change of surrogate and real-world fuels enriched with additives and powering Diesel engines on soot emissions reduction

Total Cost €

EC-Contrib. €

Partnership

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Outcomes and
results

IPPAD project word cloud

Explore the words cloud of the IPPAD project. It provides you a very rough idea of what is the project "IPPAD" about.

clean world speed laser reduce techniques bubble ct forthcoming simultaneously combustion micro injectors centres experimentally coupling independently cavitation directives single central simulation beds deposits technologies industry reduction atomisation fuel boiling cylinder environmental utilising experimental rays emission optical explored literature imaging geometry dns models temperatures structure injection 15 engines underpinning flow korea seconded esrs mixing supercritical property pressure cvc injected emissions 2020 validated additives 4500bar enriched aged surrogate japan les quality fuels dynamics tests performed nozzle spray equation esr industrial internal relative operation energy molecular universities multinational plus pressures identification missing diagnostics rans 2000 computationally china manufacturers point macroscopic engine critical tools summer diesel oxidation tested recruited pollutant elevated soot

Project "IPPAD" data sheet

The following table provides information about the project.

Coordinator	CITY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON Organization address address: NORTHAMPTON SQUARE city: LONDON postcode: EC1V 0HB website: www.city.ac.uk contact info title: n.a. name: n.a. surname: n.a. function: n.a. email: n.a. telephone: n.a. fax: n.a.
Coordinator Country	United Kingdom [UK]
Project website	http://www.ippad-itn.eu
Total cost	3˙928˙243 €
EC max contribution	3˙928˙243 € (100%)
Programme	1. H2020-EU.1.3.1. (Fostering new skills by means of excellent initial training of researchers)
Code Call	H2020-MSCA-ITN-2015
Funding Scheme	MSCA-ITN-ETN
Starting year	2015
Duration (year-month-day)	from 2015-09-01 to 2019-08-31

Partnership

Take a look of project's partnership.

#	participants	country	role	EC contrib. [€]
1	CITY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON CITY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON Organization address address: NORTHAMPTON SQUARE city: LONDON postcode: EC1V 0HB website: www.city.ac.uk contact info title: n.a. name: n.a. surname: n.a. function: n.a. email: n.a. telephone: n.a. fax: n.a.	UK (LONDON)	coordinator	546˙575.00
2	FRIEDRICH-ALEXANDER-UNIVERSITAET ERLANGEN NUERNBERG FRIEDRICH-ALEXANDER-UNIVERSITAET ERLANGEN NUERNBERG Organization address address: SCHLOSSPLATZ 4 city: ERLANGEN postcode: 91054 website: www.uni-erlangen.de contact info title: n.a. name: n.a. surname: n.a. function: n.a. email: n.a. telephone: n.a. fax: n.a.	DE (ERLANGEN)	participant	747˙649.00
3	AFTON CHEMICAL LIMITED AFTON CHEMICAL LIMITED Organization address address: LONDON ROAD city: LONDON BERKSHIRE postcode: RG12 2UW website: n.a. contact info title: n.a. name: n.a. surname: n.a. function: n.a. email: n.a. telephone: n.a. fax: n.a.	UK (LONDON BERKSHIRE)	participant	546˙575.00
4	LUNDS UNIVERSITET LUNDS UNIVERSITET Organization address address: Paradisgatan 5c city: LUND postcode: 22100 website: n.a. contact info title: n.a. name: n.a. surname: n.a. function: n.a. email: n.a. telephone: n.a. fax: n.a.	SE (LUND)	participant	527˙318.00
5	IFP Energies nouvelles IFP Energies nouvelles Organization address address: AVENUE DE BOIS PREAU 1 & 4 city: RUEIL MALMAISON postcode: 92500 website: www.ifpenergiesnouvelles.com contact info title: n.a. name: n.a. surname: n.a. function: n.a. email: n.a. telephone: n.a. fax: n.a.	FR (RUEIL MALMAISON)	participant	525˙751.00
6	AVL LIST GMBH AVL LIST GMBH Organization address address: HANS-LIST-PLATZ 1 city: GRAZ postcode: 8020 website: www.avl.com contact info title: n.a. name: n.a. surname: n.a. function: n.a. email: n.a. telephone: n.a. fax: n.a.	AT (GRAZ)	participant	511˙868.00
7	PERKINS ENGINES COMPANY LTD PERKINS ENGINES COMPANY LTD Organization address address: EASTFIELD city: PETERBOROUGH postcode: PE1 5NA website: www.uk.cat.com contact info title: n.a. name: n.a. surname: n.a. function: n.a. email: n.a. telephone: n.a. fax: n.a.	UK (PETERBOROUGH)	participant	273˙287.00
8	TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET MUENCHEN TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET MUENCHEN Organization address address: Arcisstrasse 21 city: MUENCHEN postcode: 80333 website: www.tu-muenchen.de contact info title: n.a. name: n.a. surname: n.a. function: n.a. email: n.a. telephone: n.a. fax: n.a.	DE (MUENCHEN)	participant	249˙216.00
9	Argonne National Laboratory Argonne National Laboratory Organization address address: 9700 S. Cass Avenue city: Argonne postcode: n.a. website: n.a. contact info title: n.a. name: n.a. surname: n.a. function: n.a. email: n.a. telephone: n.a. fax: n.a.	US (Argonne)	partner	0.00
10	Arizona University Arizona University Organization address address: n.a. city: Tucson postcode: n.a. website: n.a. contact info title: n.a. name: n.a. surname: n.a. function: n.a. email: n.a. telephone: n.a. fax: n.a.	US (Tucson)	partner	0.00
11	BP INTERNATIONAL LIMITED BP INTERNATIONAL LIMITED Organization address address: CHERTSEY ROAD city: SUNBURY ON THAMES postcode: TW16 7BP website: http://www.bp.com contact info title: n.a. name: n.a. surname: n.a. function: n.a. email: n.a. telephone: n.a. fax: n.a.	UK (SUNBURY ON THAMES)	partner	0.00
12	Caterpilar Fuel systems Caterpilar Fuel systems Organization address address: n.a. city: Pontiac postcode: n.a. website: n.a. contact info title: n.a. name: n.a. surname: n.a. function: n.a. email: n.a. telephone: n.a. fax: n.a.	US (Pontiac)	partner	0.00
13	Kora Advanced Institute of Technology Kora Advanced Institute of Technology Organization address address: n.a. city: Daejeon postcode: n.a. website: n.a. contact info title: n.a. name: n.a. surname: n.a. function: n.a. email: n.a. telephone: n.a. fax: n.a.	KR (Daejeon)	partner	0.00
14	OMV REFINING & MARKETING GMBH OMV REFINING & MARKETING GMBH Organization address address: TRABRENNSTRASSE 6 8 city: WIEN postcode: 1020 website: www.omv.com contact info title: n.a. name: n.a. surname: n.a. function: n.a. email: n.a. telephone: n.a. fax: n.a.	AT (WIEN)	partner	0.00
15	Renault Cars Renault Cars Organization address address: n.a. city: Boulogne-Billancourt postcode: n.a. website: n.a. contact info title: n.a. name: n.a. surname: n.a. function: n.a. email: n.a. telephone: n.a. fax: n.a.	FR (Boulogne-Billancourt)	partner	0.00
16	Sandia Corporation Sandia Corporation Organization address address: EUBANK SOUTHEAST 1515 city: Albuquerque postcode: 87185 1382 website: www.sandia.gov contact info title: n.a. name: n.a. surname: n.a. function: n.a. email: n.a. telephone: n.a. fax: n.a.	US (Albuquerque)	partner	0.00
17	Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai Jiaotong University Organization address address: n.a. city: Shanghai postcode: n.a. website: n.a. contact info title: n.a. name: n.a. surname: n.a. function: n.a. email: n.a. telephone: n.a. fax: n.a.	CN (Shanghai)	partner	0.00
18	Tokyo Densu University Tokyo Densu University Organization address address: n.a. city: Tokyo postcode: n.a. website: n.a. contact info title: n.a. name: n.a. surname: n.a. function: n.a. email: n.a. telephone: n.a. fax: n.a.	JP (Tokyo)	partner	0.00
19	Virginia Commonweath University Virginia Commonweath University Organization address address: n.a. city: Richmond postcode: n.a. website: n.a. contact info title: n.a. name: n.a. surname: n.a. function: n.a. email: n.a. telephone: n.a. fax: n.a.	US (Richmond)	partner	0.00
20	Volvo Cars Corporation Volvo Cars Corporation Organization address address: n.a. city: Göteborg postcode: n.a. website: n.a. contact info title: n.a. name: n.a. surname: n.a. function: n.a. email: n.a. telephone: n.a. fax: n.a.	SE (Göteborg)	partner	0.00

Map

Project objective

Reduction of soot emissions from Diesel engines will be explored by utilising simultaneously (a) injection pressure between 2000-4500bar, (b) engine operation at supercritical conditions relative to the injected fuel’s critical point and (c) additives that improve atomisation and reduce pollutant formation. The detailed processes of nozzle flow cavitation/boiling, atomisation, phase-change and mixing, combustion and soot emissions under such conditions will be explored both experimentally and computationally. Experimental techniques include fuel property measurements, optical/laser diagnostics, high speed imaging, micro CT and high energy X-rays. Tests will be performed in CVC, optical engines, single-cylinder and production engine test beds. Identification of nozzle’s internal geometry and testing of clean and aged injectors with internal deposits build-up is central to the programme. Simulation tools to be developed include molecular-structure-based equation of state for the properties of surrogate, ‘summer’ Diesel and low quality Diesel fuels enriched with additives at elevated pressures/temperatures, DNS for bubble dynamics, cavitation and fuel atomisation, and soot oxidation in LES/RANS models coupling the in-nozzle flow with the macroscopic fuel spray development, mixing and pollutant formation in engines. The validated simulation models will be used as design tools to industrial development of fuels, fuel injection systems and Diesel engines. The 15 EU-funded ESRs plus 1 ESR funded independently by industry, will be recruited/seconded by universities, research centres and multinational engine, fuel injection system, fuel and fuel additives manufacturers from the EU, US, China, Japan and S.Korea. The new tests and the developed simulation tools, currently missing from the literature, will allow for an environmental assessment of the tested technologies at ‘real-world’ operating conditions, underpinning the forthcoming 2020 EU emission reduction directives.

Deliverables

List of deliverables.
Nozzle flow for aged injectors exhibiting internal deposits	Documents, reports	2020-02-12 12:30:45
CGS model for the effect of fuels/additives on primary atomisation	Documents, reports	2020-02-12 12:30:25
Property measurements for fuels enriched with additives	Documents, reports	2020-02-12 12:30:33
EoS of additised fuels	Documents, reports	2020-02-12 12:30:24
Supercritical spray development in idealised configurations	Documents, reports	2020-02-12 12:30:28
SGS model for the effect of fuels/additive on atomisation	Documents, reports	2020-02-12 12:30:12
Measurements for late-cycle soot oxidation in optical engines	Documents, reports	2020-02-12 12:31:04
mCT measurements in transparent nozzle replicas	Documents, reports	2020-02-12 12:30:44
Blackbody emission imaging and LII for spray combustion	Documents, reports	2020-02-12 12:30:25
Predictions with the above model in Diesel engines	Documents, reports	2020-02-12 12:30:40
Demonstration of technique in high pressure burner and optical engines	Documents, reports	2020-02-12 12:30:36
Supercritical atomisation visualisation for main injection events	Documents, reports	2020-02-12 12:31:04
Simulation of integrated technologies on combustion	Documents, reports	2020-02-12 12:31:04
Supercritical spray characterisation of additised fuels	Documents, reports	2020-02-12 12:30:39
Cavitation visualisation in true-scale optical Diesel injectors	Documents, reports	2020-02-12 12:30:34
Simulation of soot emissions from Diesel engines/environmental assessm	Documents, reports	2020-02-12 12:30:35
Soot measurements in optical engines for various fuels/injectors	Documents, reports	2020-02-12 12:30:23
LES methodology coupled in-nozzle flow and spray formation	Documents, reports	2020-02-12 12:30:21
Development of soot measurement technique in high pressure	Documents, reports	2020-02-12 12:30:25
Numerical predictions of soot emissions from engines	Documents, reports	2020-02-12 12:30:29
Supercritical spray development under engine driving conditions	Documents, reports	2020-02-12 12:31:02
Heterogeneous soot oxidation kinetic mechanism	Documents, reports	2020-02-12 12:30:30
EoS of non-additised fuels	Documents, reports	2020-02-12 12:30:50
DNS methodology for atomisation at supercritical conditions	Documents, reports	2020-02-12 12:30:23
Property measurements for non-additised fuels	Documents, reports	2019-07-09 17:24:57
Nozzle flow simulations for clean injectors	Documents, reports	2019-07-09 17:24:57
Implementation of real fluid EoS into IFPEN code	Documents, reports	2019-07-09 17:24:57
Project website	Websites, patent fillings, videos etc.	2019-07-09 17:24:57
DNS studies for surfactant activity	Documents, reports	2019-07-09 17:24:57
Soot measurements in metallic engines	Documents, reports	2019-07-09 17:24:57
Supercritical atomisation visualisation for pilot injection events	Documents, reports	2019-07-09 17:24:57
Soot formation in vapour fuel burners	Documents, reports	2019-07-09 17:24:57
Supercritical spray characterisation of non-additised fuels	Documents, reports	2019-07-09 17:24:57

Take a look to the deliverables list in detail: detailed list of IPPAD deliverables.

Publications

List of publications.
year	authors and title	journal	last update
2019	Michel Keller, Theodorus de Bruin, MickaÃ«l Matrat, AndrÃ© Nicolle, Laurent Catoire A Theoretical Multiscale Approach to Study the Initial Steps Involved in the Chemical Reactivity of Soot Precursors published pages: 10255-10266, ISSN: 0887-0624, DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b02284	Energy & Fuels 33/10	2019-11-07
2018	Javad Rezaei, Sebastian Reis, Andreas Peter, Michael Wensing Investigation of Phase Change Mechanisms of n-Alkanes Injected in sub-and Supercritical Conditions published pages: , ISSN: , DOI:	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems	2019-10-31
2019	Jian-Hang Wang, Shucheng Pan, Xiangyu Y. Hu, Nikolaus A. Adams A split random time-stepping method for stiff and nonstiff detonation capturing published pages: 397-413, ISSN: 0010-2180, DOI: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.03.034	Combustion and Flame 204	2019-10-31
2018	Rajendar R. Mallepally, Babatunde A. Bamgbade, Aaron J. Rowane, Houman B. Rokni, Matthew S. Newkirk, Mark A. McHugh Fluid properties at high pressures and temperatures: Experimental and modelling challenges published pages: 33-40, ISSN: 0896-8446, DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.12.003	The Journal of Supercritical Fluids 134	2019-10-31
2019	Jian-Hang Wang, Shucheng Pan, Xiangyu Y. Hu, Nikolaus A. Adams A species-clustered splitting scheme for the integration of large-scale chemical kinetics using detailed mechanisms published pages: 41-54, ISSN: 0010-2180, DOI: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.03.036	Combustion and Flame 205	2019-10-31
2018	C. Rodriguez, A. Vidal, P. Koukouvinis, M. Gavaises, M.A. McHugh Simulation of transcritical fluid jets using the PC-SAFT EoS published pages: 444-468, ISSN: 0021-9991, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcp.2018.07.030	Journal of Computational Physics 374	2019-10-31
2019	Jianhang Wang, Songzhi Yang, Chaouki Habchi, Xiangyu Hu, Nikolaus Adams A multi-component real-fluid two-phase flow solver with high-order finite-difference schemes published pages: , ISSN: , DOI:	Proceedings of the 29th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems	2019-10-31
2019	Aaron J. Rowane, Rajendar R. Mallepally, Ashutosh Gupta, Manolis Gavaises, Mark A. MHugh High-Temperature, High-Pressure Viscosities and Densities of n -Hexadecane, 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-Heptamethylnonane, and Squalane Measured Using a Universal Calibration for a Rolling-Ball Viscometer/Densimeter published pages: 4303-4316, ISSN: 0888-5885, DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05952	Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 58/10	2019-10-31
2019	Babazadehrokni, H. B Thermo-physical property models for well-characterized hydrocarbon mixtures and fuels and effect of composition on fluid properties up to 4,500 bar published pages: , ISSN: , DOI:		2019-10-31
2019	C. Rodriguez, P. Koukouvinis, M. Gavaises Simulation of supercritical diesel jets using the PC-SAFT EoS published pages: 48-65, ISSN: 0896-8446, DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.11.003	The Journal of Supercritical Fluids 145	2019-10-31
2018	Vidal Roncero A. , Koukouvinis F., Gavaises, M. On the effect of realistic multicomponent diesel surrogates on cavitation and in-nozzle flow published pages: , ISSN: , DOI:	Proceedings of the IMechE Fuel systems: engines: Inject your ideas, Fuel your technology	2019-10-31
2018	Alvaro Vidal, Carlos Rodriguez, Phoevos Koukouvinis, Manolis Gavaises, Mark A McHugh Modelling of Diesel fuel properties through its surrogates using Perturbed-Chain, Statistical Associating Fluid Theory published pages: 146808741880171, ISSN: 1468-0874, DOI: 10.1177/1468087418801712	International Journal of Engine Research	2019-10-31
2019	Songzhi Yang Modeling of Diesel injection in subcritical and supercritical conditions published pages: , ISSN: , DOI:		2019-10-31
2019	Natascia Palazzo, Matthias KÃ¶gl, Philipp Bauer, Manu Naduvil Mannazhi, Lars Zigan, Franz Johann Thomas Huber, Stefan Will Investigation of Soot Formation in a Novel Diesel Fuel Burner published pages: 1993, ISSN: 1996-1073, DOI: 10.3390/en12101993	Energies 12/10	2019-10-31
2019	Carlos Rodriguez Supercritical, transcritical and subcritical real-fluid mixing at high-pressure conditions using the PC-SAFT EoS published pages: , ISSN: , DOI:		2019-10-31
2019	Yi Ping, Sajad Jafari, Songzhi Yang, Chaouki Habchi Numerical analysis of droplets subcritical evaporation and transcritical mixing using a tabulated real-fluid thermodynamics method coupled to a homogeneous equilibrium model published pages: , ISSN: , DOI:	Proceedings of the 29th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems	2019-10-31
2019	J. Simonsson, A. Gunnarsson, M. Naduvil Mannazhi, D. BÃ¤ckstrÃ¶m, K. Andersson, P.-E. Bengtsson In-situ soot characterization of propane flames and influence of additives in a 100â€¯kW oxy-fuel furnace using two-dimensional laser-induced incandescence published pages: 833-840, ISSN: 1540-7489, DOI: 10.1016/j.proci.2018.05.035	Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 37/1	2019-10-31
2018	Songzhi Yang, Chaouki Habchi, Yi Ping, Rafael Lugo Towards a multicomponent real-fluid fully compressible two-phase flow model published pages: , ISSN: , DOI:	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems	2019-10-31
2018	Rodriguez C., Vidal A., Koukouvinis P. and Gavaises M. Simulation of transcritical Diesel jets using the PC-SAFT EoS published pages: , ISSN: , DOI:	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems	2019-10-31
2019	Houman B. Rokni, Joshua D. Moore, Ashutosh Gupta, Mark A. McHugh, Rajendar R. Mallepally, Manolis Gavaises General method for prediction of thermal conductivity for well-characterized hydrocarbon mixtures and fuels up to extreme conditions using entropy scaling published pages: 594-604, ISSN: 0016-2361, DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2019.02.044	Fuel 245	2019-10-31
2019	Rodriguez C., Rokni H. B. Koukouvinis P. , Gupta, A. and Gavaise M. CFD simulation of pseudo-diesel injections at high-load conditions employing the PC-SAFT EoS and VLE calculations published pages: , ISSN: , DOI:	Proceedings of the 29th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems	2019-10-31
2019	Houman B. Rokni, Ashutosh Gupta, Joshua D. Moore, Mark A. McHugh, Babatunde A. Bamgbade, Manolis Gavaises Purely predictive method for density, compressibility, and expansivity for hydrocarbon mixtures and diesel and jet fuels up to high temperatures and pressures published pages: 1377-1390, ISSN: 0016-2361, DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.09.041	Fuel 236	2019-10-31
2019	Vidal Roncero A. , Koukouvinis P. and Gavaises M. Effect of Diesel injection pressures up to 450MPa on in-nozzle flow using realistic multicomponent surrogates published pages: , ISSN: , DOI:	Proceedings of the 29th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems	2019-10-31
2019	Jian-Hang Wang, Shucheng Pan, Xiangyu Y. Hu, Nikolaus A. Adams Partial characteristic decomposition for multi-species Euler equations published pages: 364-382, ISSN: 0045-7930, DOI: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2019.01.023	Computers & Fluids 181	2019-10-31
2018	Vidal Roncero A., Gavaises M., Koukouvinis P., Rodriguez C. Effect of realistic multicomponent diesel surrogates on predicted in-nozzle flow and cavitation published pages: , ISSN: , DOI:	Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems	2019-10-31
2019	Houman B. Rokni, Joshua D. Moore, Ashutosh Gupta, Mark A. McHugh, Manolis Gavaises Entropy scaling based viscosity predictions for hydrocarbon mixtures and diesel fuels up to extreme conditions published pages: 1203-1213, ISSN: 0016-2361, DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2018.12.043	Fuel 241	2019-10-31

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